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Bibliography Record

x Reynolds, John E., III
  1981b
Aspects of the social behaviour and herd structure of a semi-isolated colony of West Indian manatees, Trichechus manatus.
Mammalia 45(4): 431-451. 8 tabs. 4 figs.
–French summ. A population of about 60 manatees in Blue Lagoon Lake, Miami, Florida, tended to be found in herds of 2 or more. Except for female-calf pairs, these herds were unstable. Social facilitation, synchronous breathing, "body-surfing", and "follow-the-leader" behaviors were observed. Social contexts of vocalizations are described, and other possible forms of communication are discussed. T. manatus is considered a "moderately social" species.

Related Index Records

26 related index terms

Accidental Death or Injury
(SEE ALSO: Conservation; Hunting and Capture; Natural Death or Injury)
x  1981cReynolds, J.E., III (TM; Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida; flood-control dams, boats, etc.; 29-30.)
Behavior (General and Miscellaneous)
(SEE ALSO: Birth and Breeding; Captivity, Sirenians in; Locomotion; Migration and Movements; Sound Production; Respiration and Diving; and under species)
x *1981aReynolds, J.E., III (TM; Florida; 233-242; activity patterns, 235, 237-239.)
x *1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; social behavior, 436-449; "body-surfing" & "follow-the-leader", 444-445.)
x  1981cReynolds, J.E., III (TM; Florida; "body-surfing", "follow-the-leader", activity patterns; 28.)
Behavior, Aggregative
(SEE ALSO: Aerial Surveys of Distribution)
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (TM; Florida; herd size; 238-239.)
x *1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida; herd structure & social behavior; 436-449.)
x  1981cReynolds, J.E., III (TM; Florida; group size & structure; 27.)
Behavior, Epimeletic
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; nursing, flight, protection of calves, 442-443; ?leaving calf alone while foraging, 443.)
Behavior, Et-epimeletic
(SEE ALSO: Behavior, Ingestive)
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; nursing; 442.)
Behavior, Ingestive
(SEE ALSO: Behavior, Epimeletic; Behavior, Et-epimeletic; Food; Mastication; Milk)
x *1981aReynolds, J.E., III (TM; Florida; 236-237, 240.)
Behavior, Investigative, and Sense Perception
(SEE ALSO: Sense Organs; Sound Production)
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; hearing, 446-447; ?detecting water movement with body hairs, m447; vision, ?smell, touch, 448.)
Behavior, Sexual
(SEE ALSO: Birth and Breeding)
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; mating herds; 441.)
Birth and Breeding
(SEE ALSO: Age Determination; Behavior, Sexual; Population Biology; Urogenital System)
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; aseasonality; 441-442.)
Digestive System
(SEE ALSO: Excretion and Defecation; Food; Mastication; Parasites; Parasitology; Sense Organs)
   1981dReynolds, J.E., III (TM)
Florida
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Blue Lagoon, Miami; behavior; 233-242.)
x *1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Blue Lagoon, Miami; social behavior; 431-451.)
x  1981cReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Blue Lagoon, Miami; behavior & effects of human activities; 25-32.)
Food Plants: Anabaena
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 236, 240.)
Food Plants: Ceratophyllum demersum
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 236, 240.)
Food Plants: Hydrilla verticillata
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 236, 240.)
x  1981cReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 28.)
Food Plants: Mougeotia
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 236.)
Food Plants: Panicum hemitomon
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 237, 240.)
Food Plants: Phragmites communis
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 236-237, 240.)
Food Plants: Rhizoclonium
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III ("Rhizoclinium"; Florida; 236.)
Food Plants: Spirogyra
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 236.)
Food Plants: Vaucheria
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Florida; 236.)
Locomotion
(SEE ALSO: Respiration and Diving)
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; feeding more than half out of water, 237, 240; climbing barriers, 235-236, 238-239.)
Migration and Movements
(SEE ALSO: Behavior, Aggregative; Behavior, Shelter-seeking; Locomotion; Temperature, Effects of)
x  1981aReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Blue Lagoon, Florida; not affected by tides; 235, 237.)
Population Biology
(SEE ALSO: Aerial Surveys of Distribution; Age Determination; Birth and Breeding)
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida; 435-436, 441-442.)
Respiration and Diving
(SEE ALSO: Locomotion)
x *1981aReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; diving times; 237, 241.)
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; synchronous breathing; 440, 444.)
Sound Production
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; female-calf vocalizations, 442-443, 446-447; vocalizations during "body-surfing", m444, m447; vocalizations in general, 447.)
Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758
x *1981aReynolds, J.E., III (Blue Lagoon, Miami; behavior; 233-242.)
x *1981bReynolds, J.E., III (Blue Lagoon, Miami; social behavior; 431-451.)
x  1981cReynolds, J.E., III (Miami; behavior & effects of human activities; 25-32.)
   1981dReynolds, J.E., III (digestive tract)